Transgenic fish in aquaculture and developmental biology pdf

This article summarizes the biology and culture of ictalurid catfish, an important commercial, aquaculture, and sport fish family in the united states. The development of gene transfer as a means of improving cultured fish stocks is progressing rapidly, and use of transgenic fish in aquaculture seems possible within the next decade. Culture implies some form of intervention in the rearing process to. Importance of transgenic fish to global aquaculture. Transgenic fish as a transient expression system c. Muir and howard 7 defined conditions under which transgenic fish can cause rapid extinction to wild fish stock, thus posing extreme risk. My own life in science has been intimately related both with the authors and the fish, which are the subject of this book. The company of biologists workshop fish muscle growth. Although use of transgenic fish in aquaculture has the potential to increase food availability and reduce production costs, there is much concern over the possibility of escapement of transgenic fish and contamination of wild. However, it is evident that such fish will not only be of considerable economic benefit to aquaculture but will enable scientists to make quantum leaps in their understanding of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms unique to fish, and of the developmental biology of vertebrates in general. Many advanced transgenic techniques developed in micesuch as gene targeting and cell lineage ablationare likely to be applicable to fish, but a big gap between mice and fish, in terms of the availability of gene resources, must be filled before a thorough analysis of the molecular mechanism of fish development becomes possible. Embryonic and genetic manipulation in fish cell research.

Biotechnology and genetics in fisheries and aquaculture. Applications of marine biotechnology biotechnology. A transgenic fish is one that contains genes from another species. Pdf transgenic fish technology and its application in. Fisheries and aquaculture encyclopedia of life support systems eolss i contents volume i fisheries and aquaculture. Expansion microscopy of zebrafish for neuroscience and. In this world of downward trends and depressing statistics, aquaculture, or fish farming, has been heralded as the great hope. Transgenic fish transgenic fish or genetically modified fish gm fish are genetically modified organism.

Development of transgenic fish has focused on a few species including salmon, trout, carp, tilapia and a few others. From there it discusses how new, innovative techniques are now being converted and used for research in this field. The dna of the fish is modified using genetic engineering techniques. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the fish which does not occur naturally in the species, i. Areas of particular emphasis include transcriptional control mechanisms, embryonic patterning, cellcell interactions, growth factors and signal.

The science of aquaculture genetics has grown quickly over the last 30 years alongside the ever expanding aquaculture industry in europe and north america. Hew research institute hospital for sick children, and departments of clinical biochemistry and biochemistry university of toronto toronto, ontario, canada m5g il5 a. Status of transgenic fish production with emphasis on development of food fishes and novel color varieties of ornamental fish. Methodologies for transgenic fish edited by anne r.

The food and agriculture organisation fao defines aquaculture as the culture of aquatic organisms including fish, molluscs, crustaceans and aquatic plants. Current research focuses on the elucidation of the mechanisms controlling the regulation of gene expression. Application of transgenic fish in developmental biology a. Aquaculture was to relieve pressure on deteriorating wild fish. Development of positionindependent expression vectors and their transfer into transgenic fish.

We projected a 180 days of feeding trial to test whether eating the transgenic fish would induce any dietary harm. Flk1 transgenic fish diet tfd didnt show detrimental effects on the growth and development of the predatory zebrafish. Genetic approaches covers topics essential to the study of fish genetics, including qualitative and. Groups of rainbow trout were subjected to osmotic shock in the presence or absence of recombinant gh. Genetically modified fish gm fish are organisms from the taxonomic clade which includes the classes agnatha jawless fish, chondrichthyes cartilaginous fish and osteichthyes bony fish whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques.

Their use as bioreactors for the development of biomedically important proteins. Applications of transgenesis to broodstock development have been focused on the development of fish with accelerated growth, tolerance to low temperature, and disease resistance. Ecological implications of using transgenic fishes in. Sparus aurata, and use of different constructs for the production of transgenic fish. Aquaculture, fish, farming, genetically modified organisms.

Effect of recombinant growth hormone gh treatment on the growth of young juvenile rainbow trout. Benefits and risks of genetically modified organisms in. Bagarinao tu, flores eec eds towards sustainable aquaculture in southeast asia and japan. Some of the most pertinent applications of aquaculture marine biotechnology are the following. This volume, in the continuing fish physiology series, focuses attention on muscle from the genetics of muscle development to application of muscle growth patterns to aquacultural production. Regarding neuroscience studies, exm enables the tracing of cellular processes in the zebrafish brain, as well as the. Solutions to promote feed efficiency and growth, as well as improving the fish health or protect the fish gut from inflammation may include dietary additives such as prebiotics and probiotics. Kapuscinski department of fisheries, wildlife and conservation biology university of minnesota st paul, minnesota, usa keith r. Fish is a valued source of essential nutrients, viz. Chen center of marine biotechnology university of maryland biotechnology institute baltimore, md 21202, usa chen tt. The recent development of molecular biology and genetic techniques, in particular those that are increasingly being used in practical situations in fish biology, fisheries and aquaculture, has led to a gap in the understanding by many of the science behind these techniques and their correct implementation for maximum results. Transgenic fish models are useful for testing the promoter activity and for analyzing the pattern of gene expression.

Transgenic fish are viewed as a useful model for the study of complex biological phenomena such as growth and differentiation, and as a fast track to the production of broodstock for the aquaculture industry. A transgenic fish is an improved variety of fish provided with one or more desirable foreign gene for the purpose of enhancing fish quality, growth, resistance and productivity. Molecular research in aquaculture fish science general. Transgenic fish world scientific publishing company. Molecular research in aquaculture opens with an introductory chapter giving background information on the aquaculture industry and the development of the science and research methods to what is currently being used.

Gmos has been a significant barrier to investment in research and development. Reproductive biology of teleost fishes wiley online books. Aquaculture microbiology and biotechnology volume 1 2. Status of transgenic fish production with emphasis on. Growth performance studies in transgenic cyprinus carpio growth performance studies in transgenic cyprinus carpio hinits, yaniv. The transgenic mouse it is designed to support investigators doing biology of aging research by creating mice that have been genetically altered by either inserting a new gene or removing a normal gene. Ecological implications of using transgenic fishes in aquaculture. While transgenic fish have been introduced in the laboratory since the nid eighties, it has also becolne a reality in aquaculture since the early nineties. Transgenic fish as models in environmental toxicology. Teleosts display remarkable variation in their modes of reproduction, and this volume is intended to provide a framework for understanding the remarkable reproductive diversity of.

Towards sustainable aquatic living resources management 1 p. Compared with many well established transgenic systems such as transgenic mice, the transgenic fish system is still in its infancy in developmental biology. Read this article to learn about the method of producing transgenic mouse. Dietary safety assessment of flk1transgenic fish frontiers. Sturgeon fishes developmental biology and aquaculture. Pdf importance of transgenic fish to global aquaculture. Transgenic fish and aquaculture seafdec philippines.

Aquafeed companies aim to provide solutions to the various challenges related to nutrition and health in aquaculture. The transgenic fish are efficient feed converter, thus more economical for the fish farmer as the feed accounts for 6070% of total cost in aquaculture. Growth performance studies in transgenic cyprinus carpio. In addition to the traditional experiences of fish farming, scientists in china initiated some fundamental research in fish cell and developmental biology and molecular genetics leading to a break. Studies on transgenic fish, in contrast to mammals, are still in their infancy. The genetic engineering tools developed for other animals are used to develop transgenic fish to boost aquaculture production. However, it is evident that such fish will not only be of considerable economic benefit to aquaculture but will enable scientists to make quantum leaps in their understanding of physiological and biochemical mechanisms unique to fish, and of the developmental biology of vertebrates in general. Both a scottish and a new zealand company abandoned their gm salmon research.

There are many reasons why people want to create genetically modified organisms gmo and there are many strategies to nlake fish with novel genes. Transgenic fish in aquaculture and developmental biology. Development of transgenic fish has been envisioned as a means to enhance the utility offish models in reducing, refining, or replacing selected mammals used in toxicity testing. Aim is to introduce a new trait to fish gm fish has been approved by fda 3. Enhancing the traits of commercially available fish. The growth of worldwide aquaculture has been sustained and rapid, and the explosion of research in genetic biotechnology has made significant impact on aquaculture and fisheries, although potential for much greater progress exists.

Transgenic fish are used in research covering five broad areas. Over three and a half days at the fish muscle growth and repair. Revolution of transgenic fish and its impact on aquaculture and biodiversity shrabani barun department of zoology, asansol girls college, asansol, west bengal. Many aquaculture scientists remain uneasy about the environmental risk to wild ecosystems if transgenic fish. Developmental biology db publishes original research on mechanisms of development, differentiation, and growth in animals and plants at the molecular, cellular, genetic and evolutionary levels. Fisheries and aquaculture encyclopedia of life support. This volume, the proceedings of the fourth international symposium on genetics in aquaculture, builds on the foundations laid down at the first symposium, held in galway, ireland in 1982 aquaculture, volume 33, as well as those laid down at the second, held in davis, california, usa in 1985 genetics in aquaculture ii, and the third, held in trondheim, norway in 1988. Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants.